Salivaomics: An Emerging Approach in Dentistry

Omic science brings a new discipline in medical and dental sciences by viewing the molecules that make up a cell, tissue or an organism1. The term “salivaomics”  Oscience brings a new discipline in medical and dental sciences by viewing the molecules that make up a cell, tissue or an organism1. The term “salivaomics”  was coined in 2008 to reflect the rapid development of knowledge about the various “omics” constituents of saliva2. Omic science has a number of applications not only to understanding of normal physiology but also pathology of various diseases. This technology detected biological samples on different levels such as genomics (genes), transcriptomics (mRNA),  was coined in 2008 to reflect the rapid development of knowledge about the various “omics” constituents of saliva2. Omic science has a number of applications not only to understanding of normal physiology but also pathology of various diseases. This technology detected biological samples on different levels such as genomics (genes), transcriptomics (mRNA), ,roteomics (proteins) and metabolomics (metabolites)3,4. Over the last decades, omic sciences is playing an essential role in the field of dentistry5. The accessibility of five diagnostic alphabets i.e. proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, metabolic compounds and microbes has proposed significant advantages. This is due to the fact that the disease states may escort detectable changes in one, but not in all dimensions6.

On the basis of the biomolecules from human saliva, the term “Salivaomics” was introduced7. The human saliva contains many hormones, enzymes, proteins, peptides, growth factors, microbes, and antimicrobial peptides which help in defense as well as diagnosis of oral and systematic diseases8-10. The saliva biofluid can be collected non-invasively without the need of expertise required for blood sampling. In addition, other key benefits such as, cost effectiveness, ease of handling, disposal and transportability, minimal risk of cross-contamination, patient’s comfortibility, better patient’s compliance, screening of large populations and no cultural or religious issues are in credit of saliva biofluid sampling11. 

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